Refractory materials and lining reliability are critical factors for optimizing production yield and minimizing energy costs. Refractory failure can cause costly delays, increased energy expenses, or in some cases, complete shutdown while repairs are made.
The more you know about common refractory failures, the better you can avoid them.
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Refractory failure is a major cause of production delays as well as a major contributor to plant outages. Understanding why a refractory material fails requires a thorough analysis of many related factors.
Much like cement mix, castable linings are not in a finished state when they leave a manufacturing facility. This means that the final product is dependent upon proper installation.
Materials must be mixed with clean water within the right temperature range and installed and cured before water is removed during the dry-out. If dry-out is not done in a slow and controlled manner, shrinkage may occur. Some shrinkage and cracking is normal, but if it becomes excessive, it could be a consequence of poor installation using too much water.
It’s not all that uncommon to see inner walls lean slightly. However, dramatic leaning could signal that the floor isn’t level, which can cause failure. A lot of wall issues are also due to inadequate expansion provisions, such as increasing operating temperatures to higher than expected. The key to making the best selection is investigating both the ambient and hot strength properties.
While it’s not uncommon to mix refractory materials , particularly around openings such as doors (fiber and brick), peep sights (IFB, castable, fiber modules) and burner blocks. Because dissimilar materials often have different chemical properties at elevated temperatures, this can result in vulnerabilities around those areas, which can lead to refractory failure. Avoid these issues by using similar refractory materials to those surrounding openings to create the best possible seal.
Finding the root cause of a refractory failure must take into account factors such as material type, manufacture date, plant operations, material storage, mixing, installation, curing, and drying. By better understanding refractory materials and installation processes, you can help eliminate future failures. When it comes to refractories, don’t focus too much on cost, but on reliability. Remember that the best products and professionals for the job are typically not the cheapest.
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